{"id":22430,"date":"2021-04-08T15:46:32","date_gmt":"2021-04-08T08:46:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ben.com.vn\/tin-tuc\/?p=22430"},"modified":"2021-04-08T15:48:10","modified_gmt":"2021-04-08T08:48:10","slug":"gdp-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ben.com.vn\/tin-tuc\/gdp-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"GDP l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh GDP Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u0103m 2020, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u0103m 2021"},"content":{"rendered":"

GDP l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong> m\u00e0 trong b\u1ea3n tin t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh r\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng hay nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn, trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean nh\u01b0 Kinh t\u1ebf vi m\u00f4, kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a GDP v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh GDP t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong n\u0103m 2020, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi trong n\u0103m 2021.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m: GDP l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

GDP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft b\u1edfi c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb Gross Domestic Product\u00a0(d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a: T\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m qu\u1ed1c n\u1ed9i)<\/i>, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh GDP c\u00f2n c\u00f3 GNP l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 hai thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong ng\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3,\u00a0GDP<\/strong>\u00a0\u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 cu\u1ed1i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong ph\u1ea1m vi duy nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 (VD c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Th\u00e1i Lan, M\u1ef9, Campuchia,\u2026 ) t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (1 qu\u00fd, 1 n\u0103m).<\/p>\n

\"Kh\u00e1i
Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m GDP l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

GNP<\/strong>\u00a0\u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (VD c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n mang qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t Nam, sinh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam ho\u1eb7c sinh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 GNP).<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec hai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 n\u00e9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00ean kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c GDP v\u00e0 GNP ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

GDP b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/strong>\u00a0l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, kinh doanh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n trong m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. T\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c GDP b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1ea5y t\u1ed5ng GDP chia cho t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 GDP thay v\u00ec GNP.<\/p>\n

3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh GDP<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ednh GDP c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 1 trong 3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f9y v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh ra GDP, tuy nhi\u00ean 3 c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1u cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 nhau.<\/p>\n

1 \u2013 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/h3>\n

C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh:<\/p>\n

GDP = Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng + Thu\u1ebf nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u<\/strong><\/p>\n

GDP = Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u2013 chi ph\u00ed trung gian + thu\u1ebf nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng, kh\u1ea5u hao t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    2 \u2013 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi ph\u00ed<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi ph\u00ed hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thu nh\u1eadp, GDP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng (W), ti\u1ec1n l\u00e3i (I), l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn (Pr), ti\u1ec1n thu\u00ea (R), thu\u1ebf gi\u00e1n thu (Ti), kh\u1ea5u hao t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh (De).<\/p>\n

    C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh:<\/p>\n

    GDP = W + I + Pr + R + Ti + De<\/strong><\/p>\n

    3 \u2013 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi ti\u00eau<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi ti\u00eau hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng chi ti\u00eau. GDP \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh theo t\u1ed5ng chi ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1n c\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

    C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh:<\/p>\n

    GDP = C + G + I + NX<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • C: T\u1ed5ng chi ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh (mua h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5\u2026)<\/li>\n
    • G: T\u1ed5ng chi ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7: v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 giao th\u00f4ng, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n\u2026<\/li>\n
    • I: T\u1ed5ng chi ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p: v\u00e0o c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, kho b\u00e3i, nh\u00e0 x\u01b0\u1edfng\u2026<\/li>\n
    • NX: C\u00e1n c\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u (X) v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u (M), NX = X \u2013 M.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh GDP nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

      GDP = C + G + I + X \u2013 M<\/strong><\/p>\n

      T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh GDP \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u0103m 2020 v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n n\u0103m 2021<\/strong><\/h2>\n

      Tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t n\u0103m th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi suy s\u1ee5p b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch Covid, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn may m\u1eafn duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh trong khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u0103m 2020 v\u1eeba qua \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ed9 K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i, quy m\u00f4 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c kho\u1ea3ng 343 t\u1ef7 USD v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c GDP b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kho\u1ea3ng 3.521 USD.<\/p>\n

      D\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch, kh\u00f4ng \u00edt c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1ecb suy tho\u00e1i, doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda, ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn khi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u01a1ng (+ 2.91%). Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3, \u0111ang v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2021 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng GDP l\u00ean 6%, GDP b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u0103ng l\u00ean 3.700 USD.<\/p>\n

      \"T\u00ecnh
      T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh GDP \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u0103m 2020 v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n n\u0103m 2021<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

      Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f9ng chung tay \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. Qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 GDP l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong> v\u00e0 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      GDP l\u00e0 g\u00ec m\u00e0 trong b\u1ea3n tin t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh r\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng hay nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn, trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean nh\u01b0 Kinh t\u1ebf vi m\u00f4, kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a GDP v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh GDP […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":39,"featured_media":22431,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22430","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-wiki"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ben.com.vn\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22430","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ben.com.vn\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ben.com.vn\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ben.com.vn\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/39"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ben.com.vn\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22430"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ben.com.vn\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22430\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ben.com.vn\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22431"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ben.com.vn\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22430"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ben.com.vn\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22430"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ben.com.vn\/tin-tuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22430"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}