{"id":35366,"date":"2021-10-04T17:15:09","date_gmt":"2021-10-04T10:15:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ben.com.vn\/tin-tuc\/?p=35366"},"modified":"2021-10-05T16:09:08","modified_gmt":"2021-10-05T09:09:08","slug":"ho-so-pandora-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ben.com.vn\/tin-tuc\/ho-so-pandora-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 Pandora l\u00e0 g\u00ec? V\u00ec sao h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 Pandora g\u00e2y ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng?"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u1ee5 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 “thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ebf” l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch b\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n 330 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia v\u00e0 quan ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea5p cao t\u1ea1i h\u01a1n 90 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 35 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ed1c gia. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong h\u1ed3 s\u01a1. V\u1eady h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 Pandora l\u00e0 g\u00ec? V\u00ec sao h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 Pandora g\u00e2y ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Ben Computer.<\/p>\n

\"H\u1ed3<\/p>\n

H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 Pandora l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 Pandora l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n 600 nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o t\u1eeb 150 h\u00e3ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u1edf 117 qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u1ee5 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a 14 c\u00f4ng ty d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p cho c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111ang t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch “k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p” v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc, qu\u1ef9 \u1ee7y th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c trong c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1nh thu\u1ebf th\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh thu\u1ebf, cho ph\u00e9p ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu “che d\u1ea5u” danh t\u00ednh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

\"H\u1ed3<\/p>\n

2.94 terabyte d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 Pandora b\u1ecb r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ICIJ chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau g\u1ed3m: t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, email, b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh, … .<\/p>\n

H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 Pandora bao g\u1ed3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd t\u1ea1i Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Virgin thu\u1ed9c Anh, Seychelles, H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng, Belize, Panama, South Dakota v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd b\u00ed m\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi quan ch\u1ee9c c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u1ef7 ph\u00fa c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o, … c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\"R\u00f2<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 file c\u00f3 “ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i” t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c file \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ICIJ xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1996 \u0111\u1ebfn 2020. C\u00e1c file n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u bao g\u1ed3m: th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc, c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u00e0 qu\u1ef9 t\u00edn th\u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 mua b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, du thuy\u1ec1n, chuy\u00ean c\u01a1 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m nh\u00e2n th\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eeba k\u1ebf, tr\u1ed1n thu\u1ebf th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 r\u1eeda ti\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec sao h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 Pandora g\u00e2y ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 Pandora \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 v\u1ee5 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u00e2y ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi si\u00eau gi\u00e0u t\u1ea1i h\u01a1n 200 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n 330 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia t\u1eeb h\u01a1n 90 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c nhau xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 Pandaro, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 trong c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd b\u00ed m\u1eadt mua b\u00e1n b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c “\u1ea9n danh”.<\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 Pandaro c\u0169ng “ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y” c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty lu\u1eadt “ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p” v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \/ nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh offshore \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00f4ng ty ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.
\nC\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p t\u00edn ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec3u bang \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi si\u00eau gi\u00e0u “tr\u1ed1n thu\u1ebf” \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1edf t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\"cu\u1ed9c<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n 1.19 tri\u1ec7u b\u1ea3n ghi trong H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 Pandora ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 file (kho\u1ea3ng 6.4 tri\u1ec7u) l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n bao g\u1ed3m h\u01a1n 4 tri\u1ec7u file PDF, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c file PDF \u0111\u00f3 d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 10.000 trang. C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu, b\u1ea3ng sao k\u00ea ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, t\u1edd khai thu\u1ebf, h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng ty, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 4.1 tri\u1ec7u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 email trong v\u1ee5 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh chi\u1ebfm 4% trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01a1n 467.000 b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh. C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u trong H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 Pandora c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n tr\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c file \u00e2m thanh v\u00e0 video.<\/p>\n

\"V\u00ec<\/p>\n

V\u1ee5 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 Pandora \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb 14 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh offshore \u1edf \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 38 khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ee5\u00a0r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 Panama n\u0103m 2016 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean 2.6 terabyte d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong 11.5 tri\u1ec7u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 duy nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f4ng ty lu\u1eadt Mossack Fonseca hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\"V\u1ee5<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp theo v\u1ee5 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 Paradise n\u0103m 2017 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 1.4 terabyte trong h\u01a1n 13.4 tri\u1ec7u file t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty lu\u1eadt n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, Appleby, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Asiaciti Trust, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf t\u1ea1i Singapore v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd c\u00f4ng ty t\u1ea1i 19 khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd b\u00ed m\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1ee5 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 Pandaro \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi v\u00ec 14 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 do c\u00e1c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c email v\u00e0 file \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 Pandora l\u00e0 g\u00ec? V\u00ec sao h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 Pandora g\u00e2y ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng? Mong r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Ben Computer \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p cho b\u1ea1n c\u00e1c th\u1eafc m\u1eafc. Ngo\u00e0i ra n\u1ebfu c\u00f2n c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p th\u00eam, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u00fd ki\u1ebfn trong ph\u1ea7n b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft nh\u00e9.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n quan t\u00e2m:\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n